Week 10 - Cloud vs Microsoft Policies and Procedures

Cloud vs Microsoft Policies and Procedures

This week, we studied some controversial policies and procedures that Microsoft had in place when providing Microsoft 365 apps to other cloud providers. It was interesting to see the price gouging and how it was dealt with. It was found that Microsoft was not creating a fair market by gouging competitors and was also creating an antitrust market. Through collaboration, the playing field was leveled to give other companies a chance to compete while still allowing Microsoft to make gains. This platform offers the best options for growth in cloud computing and consumer trust.

Wrap-up

Writing this blog was a great way to learn the material in depth and revisit it for retention. I regularly applied the information to my job as a Help Desk Analyst.

 Blogging is a great way to highlight skills and demonstrate to future employers that one can understand topics. However, due to time constraints, I do not see myself voluntarily blogging in the future.

This was a fun experience, and I appreciate the opportunity to explore blogging.

This is Cody, signing off.

Week 10 - Printer Configuration Idea and Wrap-up

Printer Configuration Idea
This week, we wrote about the part of the printing and faxing configuration we would improve if we were a Microsoft developer. Containerization built into spooling services, paired with AI for monitoring and self-healing, would be a huge advancement. This is currently possible, but it requires additional hardware, licensing, and script configuration.

By adding this to an OS as a standard feature, we would create a more user-friendly environment that enables seamless printing without spooling errors or memory leaks. 

I hope to see this feature added, maybe as virtualized containers, to reduce the ticket volume for this minuscule issue. Until then, we will restart spooling services to resolve the issue.

Wrap-up
 I enjoyed gaining knowledge for my job as a Help Desk Analyst, and revisiting the topics we went over in class through this blog helped me to remember the information. 

I am not sure I will voluntarily blog in the future due to time constraints, but could see blogging as a good way to demonstrate knowledge for future employers.

This is Cody, signing off.

Week 9 - Cell phone Transmission and Network SNMPs

This week we discussed the various ways cell phones transmit data and network SNMPs. 

Cell Phone Transmission Methods 

Cell phones utilize different transmission technologies to accommodate the various needs. For data, text, and voice, cell phones transmit data at a higher power to accommodate the longer range the data will need to transmit. This transmission will generally be in the 2.5Ghz to 5Ghz range and will eventually connect to a hard-wire copper or fiber optic line where the digital packets can travel the network as a home computer’s packets would. Bluetooth has a shorter range, and operates on 2.4Ghz. Since Bluetooth operates on a different protocol than the aforementioned method, they can run simultaneously. NFC is even a shorter range than Bluetooth and runs at 13.56MHz on another protocol.


Simple Network Management Protocol 

SNMP is a software that monitor hardware components, network lines, and internet traffic. It acts as a network doctor allowing for implementation of fixes when alerted. SNMP typically comes with a dashboard for reviewing events which can be shown down to the device using visual network maps. There are different software options available for SNMP and they all provide similar functionality with different features.


Conclusion

Various technologies operate on different protocols and require different software to monitor issues. Utilizing the proper SNMP can help reduce downtime by monitoring these networks. 

Is your network monitored to prevent downtime?

Week 9 - Mobile Operating Systems and Laptop Upgrades

This week, we reviewed preferred mobile operating systems and laptop component upgrades.

iOS vs. Android

The big debate for the preferred mobile operating system is generally between Android and iOS. They both have their strengths. iOS is known for its front-end security, but Android has better device security that will help alleviate issues if a device becomes compromised. Both devices are taking on AI for their security needs to protect against malware and threat detection. Android leads with its vast customization options, thanks to its open-source platform that allows for app freedom, file management, hardware diversity, and true multitasking.

Laptop Component Upgrades

Next, we delve into laptop component upgrades. The main components that can be upgraded are the memory (SSD & RAM) and the battery. SSD and RAM are more expensive than the battery, but a laptop will perform better if all three are upgraded. These upgrades will permit better performance and longer battery life. It is recommended to ensure that new components are checked for compatibility before installing and to consult the manufacturer for replacement instructions.

Conclusion

Mobile devices such as laptops and cell phones are customizable and upgradeable to an extent, and one should consider what each manufacturer offers before deciding which device to purchase.

Have you purchased a mobile device only to be disappointed by the available options?

Week 8 - IPv6

This week, we learned about IPv6 and the problem it addresses.

What is IPv6

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) assigns unique IP addresses to devices so they can communicate over the internet.

IPv6 was created because IPv4 addresses were limited to 32-bit addresses, and there were only about 4.3 billion addresses available. With the increase in devices on the internet, we were running out of available IPv4 addresses.

IPv6 uses 128-bit addresses and has approximately 340 undecillion unique address combinations.

Will IPv6 Takeover

The increase in available address combinations can accommodate the growing number of devices on the internet. However, it is unlikely that we will ever switch to IPv6 completely, since the internet is huge and old, and it would be expensive to change. Also, IPv6 is not backward-compatible with IPv4 devices without translation. We will likely see IPv4 fade into the background, but it will not be totally removed from the internet. 

Why Learn IPv6

Learning the ins and outs of IPv6 can help you avoid confusion as we move into this protocol. It will help with troubleshooting and make modern networking easier. It is recommended to stay up to date on new developments in the IT world, and IPv6 knowledge is a great place to start.

Week 7 - Hardware Lifespan and Troubleshooting Resources

This week, we delved into hardware lifespan and fail rate. We also discussed resources for troubleshooting.

Hardware Life Span and Fail Rate

In reviewing hardware lifespan and failure rates, I found it interesting that unit costs can be associated with the quality of internal components. Typically, budget-friendly devices have a shorter lifespan and a higher failure rate, while higher-cost devices have a longer lifespan. This is attributed to the quality of the components inside a device. 

While higher-end components may last longer, there is always the concern that devices will become outdated due to advancements in hardware and software.


Troubleshooting Resources

When dealing with components that may fail, it is important to know the available resources for troubleshooting and resolving issues.

While technical support from a hardware/software manufacturer may resolve your issue, it is important to have backup resources for times when tech support is unavailable. The resources I have found valuable are solved tickets, locally stored documentation, manuals, and other members of the IT department.Utilizing these resources can provide an efficient and effective resolution.


Conclusion

It is important to keep in mind the lifespan of computer components and how quality factors into purchasing decisions. These components will eventually fail, and when they do, it is a good idea to use all available resources to find the most time-efficient and effective method for resolving the issue.

What resources will you use when issues arise?

Week 7 - TCP/IP and Network Security

This week, we reviewed TCP/IP and Intrusion Protection/Intrusion Prevention.

What is TCP/IP

TCP is like sending a package with tracking and a signature required. When you send data, TCP ensures it arrives, and if anything gets lost, it resends it. If frames arrive out of order, TCP reorders them.IP is the system that gives every device an address so data knows where to go.

TCP/IP is not very secure and relies on external sources, such as encryption and authentication, to help ensure security.

Intrusion Protection/Intrusion Prevention

Intrusion Protection/Intrusion Prevention is a multi-layered security approach that relies on firewalls, network security monitoring tools, antivirus software, web filtering, and VPNs, among others. This multi-layered approach allows a backup method to catch what another method may have missed. These layers must stay up to date as advancements are made to ensure top-tier network security.

Conclusion

In conclusion, TCP/IP, paired with Intrusion Protection/Intrusion Detection, ensures data is transferred safely and reliably.

You should learn more about these methods on your own to ensure your security is up to date.

Week 6 - File Systems and Disk Defrag

 This week, we discussed file systems and disk defragmentation. It was an eye-opener to learn that FAT32, the older file system, had a max capacity of 4GB and is mainly used for USB flash drives. 
    Now we have advanced to NTFS, the default file system for modern Windows devices, which is used for Windows drives, enterprise environments, and large or mission-critical storage. NTFS has such a large file limit that it is considered theoretical in size. However, I did find a claim from Wikipedia that the maximum implemented file size is 9 (PB). 
    Next, we reviewed disk defragmentation. Disk defragmentation takes chunks of files that are scattered across a Hard Disk Drive and consolidates them to improve performance. Disk defragmentation is only necessary for Hard Disk Drives. Solid Disk Drives use a process called TRIM.
    I recommend that readers learn about file systems and drive optimization to maintain performance across all drives and reduce HDD workload.

Week 6 - Name Mapping and Ports

     This week, we reviewed network ports and name resolution. This was an interesting week that gave us a closer look at how the network uses names and translates them to IP addresses and MAC addresses. 
    DNS helps computers translate a name into an IP address. Without DNS, we would have to remember all the website IP addresses. One could use a local text file to aid name mapping, but this is not common practice for large networks like the World Wide Web.
    Within a local network, computers use the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). ARP translates an IP address into a MAC address. 
    Both DNS and ARP use a layered approach with rules of precedence to handle most cases of network topology and information sent through the network.
    Combine the previously mentioned methods with an open port, and one can begin to understand the process of network communication from the web to your local network. Sometimes, it is necessary to set a rule in a computer's firewall to allow communication to flow successfully.
    I urge all readers to advance their networking knowledge; by doing so, you will be able to troubleshoot common network issues.

Week 5 - Network Layer and Routers

    This week, we reviewed the software side of routers and performed "WhoIs" and "Traceroute" on 5 different companies. Running the "Traceroute" command helped me visualize the hops taken as frames of information are sent through the network layer. 
    It was interesting to see how the various companies controlled what information was available when running the "WhoIs" command. I found that most companies paid a domain address provider to use generic information to help protect their privacy and prevent Phishing and probing. Some companies also use firewalls and prioritization to prevent "WhoIs" or "Traceroute" from completing.
    We were also required to research routers to present to a business. I found that most routers support 10-Gigabit internet ports and are hardwired. There are routers available for various purposes. It is important to understand how a router will be used and how many people will use it to inform business decisions. Other key aspects to consider are cost and future growth.
    What types of routers does your company utilize? Do your company's routers support expansion as the company grows, and is your company's website secure from probing and phishing attacks?

Week 5 - Peripherals and Windows Installation

    This week, we reviewed peripherals and Windows installation. We also wrote a paper on installing an optical drive.
    It was interesting to learn that most peripherals are supported by generic drivers provided with Windows. However, to utilize a peripheral's full potential, it may be necessary to download the specific driver for that peripheral. 
    We reviewed steps to install an optical drive. This enabled me to see the advancement from PATA\IDE to SATA. PATA/IDE used to use master and slave settings for drives, whereas SATA connects directly to the motherboard, allowing each drive to operate independently.
    In the discussion we had about installing an operating system, I received a reply that a person was required to remove laptops from Intune and add them again after performing a fresh start. I have never run into this issue, so it sparked my interest in what might cause it. I found that misconfigured policies could require removing a device from Intune and adding it again. This further supports the need for accuracy in an IT position. 
    Have you run into any issues that were caused by poor attention to detail or poor documentation? What was the situation, and how did you overcome it?

Week 4 - Installing the Physical Network

    This week, I will be touching on some basic concepts of installing a physical network.
    When installing a physical network, there are many factors to consider. Where will my network closet be located? How long will the runs be? What cables should I be using? These are some of the basic questions that should be asked. 
    It is important to locate your telecommunications room in a central location to achieve optimal data speeds, especially in large buildings. Also, you will need to consider how long the runs will be and whether a secondary closet is necessary due to the cable's limitations. Some other factors to consider for a telecommunications room are power, humidity, and cooling.
     For long, non-moving cable runs, use a solid-core Ethernet cable with a maximum length of 100m. Solid core is more corrosion-resistant than twisted pair and offers higher signal quality.
    Twisted pair offers greater flexibility and is better suited for workstations and patch cables.
    After you have your cables in place, it is important to test your cables. There are specialized testers for various cables that can be used to complete these tests. These testers can help determine signal loss.
    NICs are often overlooked as a networking issue. It is important to ensure the proper drivers are downloaded, and the NIC can utilize the signal it is receiving.
    It is common practice to utilize a floor plan and map your cable runs. Mapping the runs and proper documentation can help should you run into an issue down the road and need to troubleshoot a network connection.
    Many components come together to make a network function, and ensuring the proper hardware is paired with the proper drivers and signals is the most basic component to check.

Week 4 - Motherboards, Power Supplies, & Data Storage

     This week, we learned about Motherboards, Power supplies, and mass storage technologies. 
    It was very interesting to learn that we cannot see all the traces on a motherboard, as the printed circuit boards are 4 or more layers thick. At 305 x 244mm, the ATX form factor is the most commonly used motherboard form factor today. We previously touched on chipsets, and the ROM chip provides part of the BIOS for the chipset. The general knowledge of working with computers and installing drivers was a refresher for me. If you have not used a computer before, I recommend unplugging your device whenever you are not using it. Keeping device drivers up to date is important. This week, we presented the hardware installation wizard, which is pretty straightforward.
    The next topic touched on was power supplies. The one thing I did learn in this chapter is that it is not a good idea to replace the fuse in a power supply if you hear a pop. This indicates an internal issue with the power supply, assuming you are not attempting to plug it into an outlet that is too powerful or has electrical issues.
    Finally, we visit the realm of network data storage. This consists of multiple options based on network needs. These options are listed as RAID levels, and each has a best-case use scenario. These RAID levels include RAID 0, RAID 1, RAID 5, RAID 6, and hybrid RAID 10. There are other RAID levels, but these are the most common. I believe RAID 6 and RAID 10 are the most secure and useful for storing data, but it is still important to back up all data using the rule of 3.
    We will touch on more useful information as we progress through the intriguing world of computers.

Week 3 - CPU-RAM- Firmware

     This week, we will cover CPU, RAM, and Firmware. The CPU is like the brain for a computer. The CPU performs calculations and uses the external data bus to move data and commands between the RAM and itself. 
    RAM comes in several varieties, but the most commonly utilized at this time is DDR4 and DDR5. However, we are starting to see DDR4 phase out. Most of the chips on RAM sticks are made by one of three companies, so variations in memory performance are minimal.
    Firmware is the glue that bonds all the hardware together. When a device boots up, firmware ensures all hardware is running correctly by providing inter-component communication the peripherals can send commands from the CPU.
    This is the basic breakdown of the week's information. Join me next week for more information.

Week 3 - Ethernet and Switches

             This week, we reviewed information on network topology and Ethernet cables. 
    Ethernet coming in, whether fiber or twisted pair, typically goes to a modem or a switch. Most Ethernet networks within larger businesses run off a switch. The switch typically uses twisted-pair Cat6 with RJ-45 connectors and has multiple ports. A switch maintains a source address table to forward frames to the appropriate receiving device quickly.
    On larger networks, fiber is typically used for its speed and long-distance capabilities. However, there are different types of fiber utilized in networking. Multi-mode fiber is less expensive and is used for shorter runs up to ~300 meters, while single-mode fiber is used for longer distances up to 40 km.
    There is a vast array of wire and fiber choices. Be sure to research which wire is best for your application.

Week 2 - Network Topoligies and an Introduction to Network Cables

     This week, we will discuss network topology and cables. Network topology started with three basic concepts. These topologies can be categorized as partially meshed or fully meshed depending on whether every computer is connected to every other computer. 
    The first topology to discuss is ring. Ring topology is exactly what it sounds like. Computers are set up in a circle, and information flows through a data connection. 
    The next topology is bus. Bus topology runs in a straight line and terminates at both ends. 
    Eventually, the star topology was introduced, offering connectivity benefits by connecting each computer to a central box. With a star topology, if the data connection breaks or becomes disconnected, the rest of the computers on that network would still function. This was a huge benefit, but due to design and compatibility issues, the star topology wasn't very successful until ring and bus concepts were miniaturized and combined into a centralized box. This combination created a hybrid topology resembling a star topology. The hybrid bus topology was not as popular, so the hybrid ring topology now dominates the networking market.
    What connects these networks? Cables connect these networks, and the connection within the network you are making dictates which cable and connection to use. Today's standards for an in-home or business network would call for the use of a Cat6a or Cat7 twisted-pair cable with an RJ45 connector. To make these cables with connectors, one will need strippers, wire cutters, and crimpers, or an all-in-one tool. 
    The norm for cable modem internet connections coming into the network used to be a coaxial cable with an F-type connector, but we have since seen an uprising in fiber and wireless internet service providers. 
    There is so much information on cables and connectors that I urge you to do your own research to determine what is best suited to your needs, or you may join me next week as we go further into the basics of Ethernet.

Week 2 - The Basics of a Computer

 This week, we will leap into the world of physical computers and the operating systems that complement them.
    Most people these days know what a computer is and understand how to interact with one, but not as many people understand what is happening beyond that. Three main components create a functional computer: hardware, an operating system, and applications.
    The hardware is the first component and consists of a motherboard that houses components such as RAM, ROM, CPU, GPU, and either an SSD or an HDD, among others. These hardware components must meet the minimum requirements of the operating system that will be used, such as Windows 11. 
    The operating system is the software that enables peripherals and software/apps to function and communicate with one another. Apps are part of the user interface and can be manipulated using peripherals that communicate with one another via the operating system. Processing dictates whether those changes will be forwarded to data storage, networking, or both.
    A basic understanding of how a computer operates is necessary for troubleshooting. If the hardware does not meet the requirements for an operating system, the operating system will not function as expected.
    You are now equipped with the basic understanding of a computer. Join me next time as we build on this and take a deep dive into the world of CPUs.

Week 1 Posting - Introduction

My name is Cody. My current title is Help Desk Analyst. I have been in my current role for 2+ years and am looking to advance my knowledge in the Information Technology industry. As a Help Desk Analyst, I troubleshoot hardware, software, and networking issues. It is amazing to see firsthand that clearing the browser cache and restarting a device can resolve so many issues when a server is involved. However, some issues take more research and technical skill than others. I have learned to use Command Prompt and PowerShell to resolve issues. PowerShell is also a great tool for automating processes. However, one cannot resolve all issues with commands. Hardware plays its role in a fair share of IT issues. Developing the skills to ask the right questions and troubleshoot effectively is important, and I am glad to have a position that allows me to do so.

Over the next few weeks, I will be building on basic computer and troubleshooting concepts